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import numpy as np
import polars as pl
from plotnine import *

Stacked Histogram

mpg = pl.read_csv("data/mpg.csv")
mpg = mpg.rename({"class": "types"})
mpg.head()

shape: (5, 11)

manufacturer	model	displ	year	cyl	trans	drv	cty	hwy	fl	types
str	str	f64	i64	i64	str	str	i64	i64	str	str
"audi"	"a4"	1.8	1999	4	"auto(l5)"	"f"	18	29	"p"	"compact"
"audi"	"a4"	1.8	1999	4	"manual(m5)"	"f"	21	29	"p"	"compact"
"audi"	"a4"	2.0	2008	4	"manual(m6)"	"f"	20	31	"p"	"compact"
"audi"	"a4"	2.0	2008	4	"auto(av)"	"f"	21	30	"p"	"compact"
"audi"	"a4"	2.8	1999	6	"auto(l5)"	"f"	16	26	"p"	"compact"

x_var, group_var = "displ", "types"

(
    ggplot(mpg, aes("displ", fill="types"))
    + geom_histogram(bins=30, color="black")
    + labs(title=f"Stacked Histogram of ${x_var}$ colored by ${group_var}$")
)

Density

type_selected = ["compact", "subcompact", "midsize"]
mpg_selected = mpg.filter(
    (pl.col("types") == "compact")
    | (pl.col("types") == "subcompact")
    | (pl.col("types") == "midsize")
)
binwidth = 1.5

(
    ggplot(mpg_selected, aes("cty", fill="types"))
    + geom_density(aes(y=after_stat("count*binwidth")), alpha=0.6)
    + geom_histogram(
        aes(fill="types", y=after_stat("count")),
        binwidth=binwidth,
        color="none",
        alpha=0.6,
    )
    + labs(
        title="Density plot",
        subtitle="City Mileage Grouped by Types",
        x="City Mileage",
        y="Density",
        fill="# types",
    )
)

Box

(
    ggplot(mpg, aes("types", "hwy"))
    + geom_boxplot(aes(fill="types"), notch=False)
    + labs(
        title="Box plot",
        subtitle="City Mileage grouped by Class of vehicle",
        x="Class of Vehicle",
        y="City Mileage",
    )
)

Pyramid

email = pl.read_csv("data/email_campaign_funnel.csv")
email.head()

shape: (5, 3)

Stage	Gender	Users
str	str	f64
"Stage 01: Browsers"	"Male"	-1.4928e7
"Stage 02: Unbounced Users"	"Male"	-1.2863e7
"Stage 03: Email Signups"	"Male"	-1.1362e7
"Stage 04: Email Confirmed"	"Male"	-9.4117e6
"Stage 05: Campaign-Email Opens"	"Male"	-8.0743e6

(
    ggplot(email, aes(x="Stage", y="Users", fill="Gender"))
    + geom_bar(stat="identity", width=0.6)  # Fill column
    + scale_y_continuous(
        breaks=np.arange(-1.5e7, 2e7, 5e6),
        labels=[*np.arange(1.5, 0, -0.5), *np.arange(0, 2, 0.5)],
    )
    + coord_flip()
    + labs(title="Email Campaign Funnel")
    + theme(plot_title=element_text(hjust=0.5), axis_ticks=element_blank())
)